International Journal of Supply and Operations Management

International Journal of Supply and Operations Management

Optimizing CPO Shipping Supply Chain Efficiency Using VSM and VALSAT Integration

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Departement of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agroindustrial and Biosystems Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
10.22034/ijsom.2026.137411.3622
Abstract
Objective: The palm oil industry plays an important role in Indonesia’s economy, with Crude Palm Oil (CPO) widely used across industries. However, inefficiencies in the shipping process may cause delays and operational waste. This study aims to identify the types and root causes of waste in the CPO shipping process at PT XYZ and propose improvement strategies using Lean supply chain tools.
Methods: Value Stream Mapping (VSM) was used to visualize the current shipping process, while Value Stream Analysis Tools (VALSAT) were applied to select the appropriate tool for detailed waste analysis. Process Activity Mapping (PAM) was then used for activity-level analysis, and Fishbone analysis was applied to identify the root causes of the dominant waste.
Results: Waiting time was identified as the dominant waste, with an average score of 1.67, while PAM obtained the highest VALSAT score of 32.62. PAM showed a total standard time of 296.48 hours, consisting of 250.35 hours of value-added activities, 16.47 hours of necessary non-value-added activities, and 29.66 hours of non-value-added activities. The projected future-state analysis indicates a reduction in total standard time to 276.56 hours, corresponding to a potential saving of 19.92 hours or 6.72%. The proportion of NVA time is projected to decrease from 10.00% to 5.08%.
Conclusion: Lean-based improvement strategies can reduce waiting time and improve operational efficiency in bulk commodity logistics. The proposed recommendations provide practical guidance for reducing non-value-added activities and improving similar supply chain operations.
Keywords
Subjects

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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 05 November 2026