International Journal of Supply and Operations Management

International Journal of Supply and Operations Management

Lean Six Sigma Tools for Optimizing Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises: A Systematic Literature Review

Articles in Press

Document Type : Review Paper

Authors
Thomas Munyai
Refentse Lydia Selepe
Olasumbo Makinde
Department of Operations Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
10.22034/ijsom.2026.111035.3572
Abstract
Objective: Manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face growing competitive pressures due to operational inefficiencies, high defect rates, equipment unreliability and resource constraints. Lean Six Sigma (LSS), which combines Lean waste-reduction with Six Sigma’s data-driven quality-improvement approach, has emerged as an effective methodology for enhancing operational performance. This study synthesizes recent empirical evidence on the application and outcomes of LSS in manufacturing SMEs.
Methods: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted using peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers indexed in the Scopus database between 2021 and 2025. Studies were identified through a structured Boolean search strategy and screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bibliometric analysis, keyword co-occurrence mapping, and comparative evaluation were used to identify research trends, key LSS tools, and associated performance outcomes.
Results: Findings reveal increasing scholarly interest in LSS implementation within manufacturing SMEs. Strong relationships were identified between LSS tools and performance indicators such as productivity, efficiency, lead-time reduction and quality improvement. Commonly applied tools include DMAIC, Value Stream Mapping, 5S, Kaizen, TPM, SMED and Statistical Process Control. Reported outcomes include defect reductions of up to 70%, productivity gains exceeding 20%, reduced cycle times, and improvements in Overall Equipment Effectiveness of 15-20%.
Conclusion: LSS significantly improves operational and quality performance in manufacturing SMEs. Emerging evidence also highlights the integration of LSS with Industry 4.0 technologies, supporting data-driven continuous improvement and sustainable competitiveness
Keywords
lean six sigma
manufacturing SMEs
operational efficiency
continuous improvement
industry 4.0
Subjects
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