Kharazmi University International Journal of Supply and Operations Management 2383-1359 13 2 2026 05 01 Improving Avocado Distribution Ecosystem using Blockchain Technology 273 292 11109 10.22034/ijsom.2026.110873.3457 EN Sri Widiyanesti Center of Excellence for Strategic Advancement for Key Digital Transformation Indonesia, Research Institure for Intelligent Business & Sustainable Economy, Telkom University, Main Campus, Jl. Telekomunikasi No. 1, Bandung 40257, West Java, Indonesia 0000-0003-0388-6698 Waritsa Firdausi School of Economics and Business, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia Andry Alamsyah Center of Excellence for Strategic Advancement for Key Digital Transformation Indonesia, Research Institure for Intelligent Business & Sustainable Economy, Telkom University, Main Campus, Jl. Telekomunikasi No. 1, Bandung 40257, West Java, Indonesia 0000-0001-5106-7561 Muhammad Naufal Hakim Center of Excellence for Strategic Advancement for Key Digital Transformation Indonesia, Research Institure for Intelligent Business & Sustainable Economy, Telkom University, Main Campus, Jl. Telekomunikasi No. 1, Bandung 40257, West Java, Indonesia 0009-0006-3681-3427 Journal Article 2025 08 27 Objective: Indonesia is the world’s second-largest avocado producer; however, it is not among the leading avocado-exporting countries because its supply chain has limited capacity to meet increasing consumer demands for product authenticity, organic certification, and traceability. This study aims to develop a blockchain-based traceability model that improves transparency, record reliability, and quality assurance throughout Indonesia’s avocado supply chain. Methods: The proposed model maps the participation and data-sharing roles of key supply-chain stakeholders, including farmers, a certification body, intermediaries, and retailers. Blockchain technology is used to record and connect product information across supply-chain stages, creating an immutable and transparent history of the avocado journey from production to retail. Results: The developed model provides an integrated traceability framework in which authorized stakeholders can record and verify information related to product origin, certification, handling, distribution, freshness, and compliance with relevant standards. The model produces a reliable product history that can be accessed to support verification and respond to consumer traceability requirements. Conclusion: The proposed blockchain-based model can strengthen assurance of avocado authenticity, freshness, organic status, and standards compliance by improving information transparency and preventing unauthorized alteration of supply-chain records. Its implementation may increase stakeholder and consumer trust, support the competitiveness of Indonesian avocados in export markets, and contribute to long-term value creation in Indonesia’s horticultural sector. http://www.ijsom.com/article_11109_6a52db09e45a58b3e50bcc6213785282.pdf